The covalent bond is usually described as sharing of valence electrons, and this is why the covalent bonds only consist of non-metals. The covalent bonds are strong, and they usually lead to stable compounds. However, the covalent bonds are poor conductors of heat and electricity since they aren't composed of charged ions.
Examples of covalent bonds: H2, H2O, Cl2, O2, CO2 & CH4
The ionic bond is made up by a metal element and a non-metal element. To create bonds between each other, the metal donates certain amount of valence electrons to the non-metal. This results with a strong attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion. However, the ionic bonds usually lead to unstable compounds or molecules.
Examples of ionic bonds: KCl, MgI2, Na2O, NaCl, CaCl2, AlCl3
-Andy Liu '15
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